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Compare Bolivia (2002) - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001)

Compare Bolivia (2002) z Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001)

 Bolivia (2002)Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2001)
 BoliviaSaint Vincent and the Grenadines
Administrative divisions 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija 6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.8% (male 1,626,596; female 1,565,124)


15-64 years: 57.7% (male 2,383,852; female 2,491,823)


65 years and over: 4.5% (male 169,583; female 208,156) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
29.61% (male 17,466; female 16,865)

15-64 years:
64.04% (male 38,074; female 36,179)

65 years and over:
6.35% (male 3,162; female 4,196) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; fish
Airports 1,109 (2001) 6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 12


over 3,047 m: 4


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1,069 1,096


over 3,047 m: 1 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 64 65


914 to 1,523 m: 225 236


under 914 m: 776 790 (2002)
total:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1,098,580 sq km


land: 1,084,390 sq km


water: 14,190 sq km
total:
389 sq km (Saint Vincent 344 sq km)

land:
389 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Montana twice the size of Washington, DC
Background Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatization program, and waging an anticorruption campaign. Disputed between France and Great Britain in the 18th century, Saint Vincent was ceded to the latter in 1783. Autonomy was granted in 1969, and independence in 1979.
Birth rate 26.41 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 17.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $4 billion


expenditures: $4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.)
revenues:
$85.7 million

expenditures:
$98.6 million, including capital expenditures of $25.7 million (1997 est.)
Capital La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Kingstown
Climate varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 84 km
Constitution 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994 27 October 1979
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia


conventional short form: Bolivia


local long form: Republica de Bolivia


local short form: Bolivia
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Currency boliviano (BOB) East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate 8.05 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $5.8 billion (2001 est.) $99.3 million (1998)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador David N. GREENLEE


embassy: Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz


mailing address: P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032


telephone: [591] (2) 2430120, 2430251


FAX: [591] (2) 2433900
the US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the US Ambassador in Barbados is accredited to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jaime APARICIO Otero


chancery: 3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-4410


FAX: [1] (202) 328-3712


consulate(s) general: Miami, New York, and San Francisco
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ellsworth JOHN

chancery:
3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016

telephone:
[1] (202) 364-6730

FAX:
[1] (202) 364-6736
Disputes - international continues to demand a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama region was lost to Chile in 1884 none
Economic aid - recipient $588 million (1997) (1997) $47.5 million (1995); note - EU $34.5 million (1998)
Economy - overview Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, has made considerable progress toward the development of a market-oriented economy. Successes under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993-97) included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and becoming an associate member of the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur), as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. Growth slowed in 1999, in part due to tight government budget policies, which limited needed appropriations for anti-poverty programs, and the fallout from the Asian financial crisis. In 2000, major civil disturbances in April, and again in September and October, held down overall growth to 2.5%. Bolivia's GDP failed to grow in 2001 due to the global slowdown and laggard domestic activity. Growth is expected to pick up in 2002, but the fiscal deficit and debt burden will remain high. Agriculture, dominated by banana production, is the most important sector of this lower-middle-income economy. The services sector, based mostly on a growing tourist industry, is also important. The government has been relatively unsuccessful at introducing new industries, and a high unemployment rate persists. The continuing dependence on a single crop represents the biggest obstacle to the islands' development; tropical storms wiped out substantial portions of crops in both 1994 and 1995. The tourism sector has considerable potential for development over the next decade. Recent growth has been stimulated by strong activity in the construction sector and an improvement in tourism. There is a small manufacturing sector and a small offshore financial sector whose particularly restrictive secrecy laws have caused some international concern.
Electricity - consumption 3.605 billion kWh (2000) 76.3 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 5 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 11 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 3.87 billion kWh (2000) 82 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 48%


hydro: 50%


nuclear: 0%


other: 2% (2000)
fossil fuel:
73.17%

hydro:
26.83%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m


highest point: Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Soufriere 1,234 m
Environment - current issues the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, Aymara 25%, white 15% black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian 6%, Carib Amerindian 2%
Exchange rates bolivianos per US dollar - 6.8613 (January 2002), 6.6069 (2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101 (1998), 5.2543 (1997) East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch chief of state: President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante (since 4 August 2002); Vice President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (since 4 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamante (since 4 August 2002); Vice President Carlos Diego MESA Gisbert (since 4 August 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)


election results: the new president was chosen by Congress, a result of no candidate winning a majority in the 30 June 2002 election; Congressional votes - Gonzalo SANCHEZ de Lozada 84, Evo MORALES 43
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General David JACK (since 29 September 1989)

head of government:
Prime Minister Ralph GONSALVES (since 29 March 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor general is appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Exports $1.2 billion (2001 est.) $53.7 million (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood bananas 39%, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch, tennis racquets
Exports - partners US 32%, Colombia 18%, UK 15%, Brazil 15%, Peru 6% (2000) Caricom countries 49%, UK 16%, US 10% (1995)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern
GDP purchasing power parity - $21.4 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $322 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 14%


industry: 31%


services: 55% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
10.6%

industry:
17.5%

services:
71.9% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,800 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0% (2001 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 17 00 S, 65 00 W 13 15 N, 61 12 W
Geography - note landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada
Highways total: 49,400 km


paved: 2,500 km (including 30 km of expressways)


unpaved: 46,900 km (1996)
total:
1,040 km

paved:
320 km

unpaved:
720 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 46% (1997) (1997)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 24,400 hectares under cultivation in June 2002, a 23% increase from June 2001; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs under the SANCHEZ DE LOZADA administration have been unable to keep pace with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation after significant reductions in 1998 and 1999; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil and Paraguay transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe
Imports $1.5 billion (2001 est.) $185.6 million (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, chemicals, petroleum, food foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels
Imports - partners US 24%, Argentina 17%, Brazil 15%, Chile 9%, Peru 5% (2000) US 36%, Caricom countries 28%, UK 13% (1995)
Independence 6 August 1825 (from Spain) 27 October 1979 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 3.9% (1998) (1998) -0.9% (1997 est.)
Industries mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch
Infant mortality rate 57.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 16.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2001 est.) 2% (1999 est.)
International organization participation CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 9 (2000) 15 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,280 sq km (1998 est.) 10 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases) Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Labor force 2.5 million 67,000 (1984 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% agriculture 26%, industry 17%, services 57% (1980 est.)
Land boundaries total: 6,743 km


border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 1.73%


permanent crops: 0.21%


other: 98.06% (1998 est.)
arable land:
10%

permanent crops:
18%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
36%

other:
31% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) English, French patois
Legal system based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law
Legislative branch bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)


elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)


election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNR 11, MAS 8, MIR 5, NFR 2, other 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNR 36, MAS 27, MIR 26, NFR 25, others 16
unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators; representatives are elected by popular vote from single-member constituencies to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 28 March 2001 (next to be held by NA March 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ULP 12, NDP 3
Life expectancy at birth total population: 64.42 years


male: 61.86 years


female: 67.1 years (2002 est.)
total population:
72.56 years

male:
70.83 years

female:
74.34 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 83.1%


male: 90.5%


female: 76% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
96%

male:
96%

female:
96% (1970 est.)
Location Central South America, southwest of Brazil Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Map references South America Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 196,399 GRT/320,137 DWT


ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 15, chemical tanker 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of Belize 2, China 2, Cuba 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Honduras 1, Latvia 2, Liberia 2, Panama 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 1, South Korea 3, Switzerland 1, Ukraine 1, United Arab Emirates 5, United States 1 (2002 est.)
total:
800 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,705,336 GRT/10,134,002 DWT

ships by type:
barge carrier 1, bulk 131, cargo 395, chemical tanker 29, combination bulk 12, combination ore/oil 1, container 46, liquefied gas 7, livestock carrier 3, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 56, refrigerated cargo 42, roll on/roll off 49, short-sea passenger 11, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: China 4, Ireland 1, France 1, Greece 3, Hong Kong 1, Croatia 10, India 1, Japan 2, Monaco 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Netherlands Antilles 1, Pakistan 1, Russia 1, Slovenia 5, UAE 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia) Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force (includes Special Service Unit), Coast Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $147 million (FY99) $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY99) NA%
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,062,321 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,343,755 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 90,120 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 August (1825) Independence Day, 27 October (1979)
Nationality noun: Bolivian(s)


adjective: Bolivian
noun:
Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)

adjective:
Saint Vincentian or Vincentian
Natural hazards flooding in the northeast (March-April) hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat
Natural resources tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower hydropower, cropland
Net migration rate -1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -7.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km -
Political parties and leaders Bolivian Socialist Falange or FSB [Otto RICHTER]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Franz BARRIOS]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Movement to Socialism or MAS [leader NA]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [Manfred REYES-VILLA]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]


note: the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
National Reform Party or NRP [Joel MIGUEL]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Ken BOYEA]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [leader NA]; United People's Movement or UPM [Adrian SAUNDERS]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)
Political pressure groups and leaders Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions; Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB [Felipe QUISPE] NA
Population 8,445,134 (July 2002 est.) 115,942 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.69% (2002 est.) 0.4% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Puerto Aguirre (on the Paraguay/Parana waterway, at the Bolivia/Brazil border); also, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay Kingstown
Radio broadcast stations AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999) AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 5.25 million (1997) 77,000 (1997)
Railways total: 3,691 km


narrow gauge: 3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995 est.)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13%, Seventh-Day Adventist, Hindu, other Protestant
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.75 male(s)/female

total population:
1.03 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single) 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly


domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
adequate system

domestic:
islandwide, fully automatic telephone system; VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to the other islands of the Grenadines

international:
VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; new SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and to Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia
Telephones - main lines in use 327,600 (1996) 20,500 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 116,000 (1997) NA
Television broadcast stations 48 (1997) 1 (plus three repeaters) (1997)
Terrain rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin volcanic, mountainous
Total fertility rate 3.37 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 7.6% (2000)


note: widespread underemployment (2000)
22% (1997 est.)
Waterways 10,000 km (commercially navigable) none
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